{"id":7213,"date":"2020-11-04T10:13:58","date_gmt":"2020-11-04T08:13:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/twistislamophobia.org\/en\/?p=7213"},"modified":"2020-11-04T10:16:48","modified_gmt":"2020-11-04T08:16:48","slug":"no-justice-for-post-9-11-discrimination","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/twistislamophobia.org\/en\/2020\/11\/04\/no-justice-for-post-9-11-discrimination\/","title":{"rendered":"No justice for post-9\/11 discrimination"},"content":{"rendered":"

In this article, Braxton Haake, <\/strong>Law Fellow for the Rutgers Center for Security, Race and Rights, and Sahar Aziz, professor of law at Rutgers Law School, reflect on some of the main results found at recent Rutgers Center\u2019s study on justice proceedings towards Muslims in the USA since 2001. The study shows the difficulties faced by the country\u2019s Muslim population to battle its cases <\/strong>before a jury.<\/strong><\/p>\n

A seismic shift befell American politics after the September 11 attacks, and 19 years later, Muslim Americans are still dealing with the aftershocks.<\/p>\n

Most people are familiar with the so-called war on terror\u2019s targeting of Muslims as well as anti-Muslim discrimination in the public sphere in the United States. But few know of Muslims\u2019 difficulty in attaining justice in American courts in either of these cases.<\/p>\n

In post-9\/11 America, thus, Muslim plaintiffs face a nearly insurmountable battle to try their case before a jury of their peers.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

As part of an ongoing study by the Rutgers Center for Security, Race and Rights,\u00a0we reviewed 175 Muslim civil rights cases filed across the US since 2001 and found that only 17 percent of claims made it to trial, with most cases dismissed by judges in the pre-trial phase. Our preliminary findings point to a troubling trend: not only have Muslims experienced more discrimination since 2001, but they have also not been able to find meaningful relief in the courts.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

911 memorial “tribute in Light”. Photo: Jason Jenkings<\/p><\/div>\n

While most civil rights violations rarely proceed to litigation due to the prohibitive cost of retaining a lawyer, the success rate of those which do remains abysmally low. This outcome, which\u00a0plagues civil rights cases in general<\/a>, is due in part to the judges\u2019 gatekeeping role in the litigation process.<\/p>\n

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on religion or ethnic origin, which are the most common cases filed by Muslims. Discrimination cases are already hard to win because judges consistently\u00a0read<\/a>\u00a0anti-discrimination law with high deference towards employers, supervisors and law enforcement. In cases filed by Muslims, the judges\u2019 exercise of discretion pre-trial demonstrates an ignorance at best, or callousness at worst, of discrimination experienced by Muslim communities.<\/p>\n

Discrmination in employment cases<\/h3>\n

In post-9\/11 America<\/a>, thus, Muslim plaintiffs face a nearly insurmountable battle to try their case before a jury of their peers, despite rising Islamophobia in society.<\/p>\n

Take the case of Skwikar Ali Abdelkader in Maryland.\u00a0For seven years without incident, she took Fridays off from her job at Sears to observe the Muslim Sabbath. In 2007, her supervisor suddenly demanded that she come in to work on Fridays, notwithstanding her long service to the company. When Abdelkader sued her employer, the judge flippantly noted that she could have used her vacation days\u00a0to take Fridays off<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Never mind that Abdelkader was not asked to use her vacation days during the first seven years of her employment or that the average American worker gets\u00a0a paltry 10 days<\/a>\u00a0paid vacation per year. Neither of these considerations mattered enough for the judge to take seriously this Muslim woman\u2019s request for religious accommodation to allow her to have her day in court before a jury.\u00a0Instead, the judge accepted the employer\u2019s rendition of the facts and dismissed Abdelkader\u2019s case.<\/p>\n

Anti-Muslim discrimination cases<\/a>\u00a0alleging a \u201chostile work environment\u201d have often met the same fate. When a workplace is \u201cpermeated\u201d with discrimination, ridicule and insult, and the discrimination is \u201csevere or pervasive\u201d enough to affect the victim\u2019s work, the workplace is unlawfully hostile.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Protests against the Muslim ban in London. Photo: Neil Cummings<\/p><\/div>\n

On its face, this legal protection should be a useful tool to fight discrimination, but courts\u00a0rarely decide that words alone are enough<\/a>\u00a0to produce a hostile environment. Even taunts that a Muslim employee is\u00a0\u201cTaliban\u201d or \u201cAl-Qaeda\u201d, or that they were responsible for the 9\/11<\/a>\u00a0attacks have been held insufficient.<\/p>\n

Judges have used the \u201csevere or pervasive\u201d requirement to dismiss filed lawsuits because they deem the anti-Muslim discrimination too \u201cepisodic\u201d, even in cases where such discrimination\u00a0persists for five years<\/a>. Worse yet, when the discrimination is found to be \u201csevere or pervasive\u201d, some cases have been dismissed\u00a0if a plaintiff is able to do their work<\/a>, despite the discrimination.<\/p>\n

Judges have used the \u201csevere or pervasive\u201d requirement to dismiss filed lawsuits because they deem the anti-Muslim discrimination too \u201cepisodic\u201d.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In other words, if a Muslim worker is resilient enough to work through the hostility, that will be used against her in court. This is nothing short of a Muslim tax.<\/p>\n

Muslim plaintiffs\u2019 intersectional identities can also be used against them by the court. For example, an Egyptian Muslim plaintiff\u2019s racial discrimination case was dismissed because\u00a0neither his Egyptian nor his Muslim identities qualified as a \u201crace\u201d<\/a>\u00a0for the purpose of anti-discrimination law.<\/p>\n

This decision completely ignores the reality that\u00a0race is an arbitrary social construct<\/a>, and that Islamophobia is a type of racism even though Islam is not a race. Many Muslims in the United States are discriminated against for the colour of their skin, too, even if they\u00a0cannot be neatly categorised\u00a0<\/a>into a common racial descriptor like \u201cBlack\u201d or \u201cWhite.\u201d<\/p>\n

Judicial discrmination and Islamophobia<\/h3>\n

These troubling trends are not limited to employment cases; the American judicial system has proven to be unfriendly to Muslim victims of discrimination in a myriad of contexts.<\/p>\n

From Muslim inmates\u00a0being refused a halal diet<\/a>, to worshippers being\u00a0afforded \u201cdiminished privacy\u201d<\/a>\u00a0when inside places of prayer, to mosques being refused building permits because they would\u00a0somehow affect the \u201chistoric\u201d or \u201cstable\u201d nature of the neighbourhood<\/a>, discrimination proceedings are stacked against Muslim plaintiffs across the board.<\/p>\n

A case in point is Abdulrahman Cherri, who brought a retaliation claim against the FBI for subjecting him to unfair and discriminatory questioning at the border. The court\u00a0dismissed Cherri\u2019s claim because the questioning did not injure Cherri enough to \u201cdeter\u201d him \u201cfrom further participation\u201d in his faith. Put another way, if Cherri were actually hurt by the US government,\u00a0he would have given up Islam<\/a>\u00a0to avoid further questioning.<\/p>\n

In a country where free exercise of religion is protected by the constitution, it is nothing short of un-American to bar a Muslim from recovery because he refused to give up his faith.<\/p>\n

The problem is not the law per se, but judges who have been socialised by the media and American culture to discount the dignitary harms experienced by Muslims facing discrimination. A\u00a0lack of empathy for pain suffered by minorities<\/a>\u00a0is a common consequence of systemic racism.<\/p>\n

Nineteen years after the 9\/11 attacks, the American justice system continues to be stacked against Muslim plaintiffs as the\u00a0rate of documented anti-Muslim<\/a>\u00a0attacks remains high.<\/p>\n

Source: Aljazeera<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In this article, Braxton Haake, Law Fellow for the Rutgers Center for Security, Race and Rights, and Sahar Aziz, professor of law at Rutgers Law School, reflect on some of the main results found at recent Rutgers Center\u2019s study on justice proceedings towards Muslims in the USA since 2001. The study shows the difficulties faced by the country\u2019s Muslim population to battle its cases before a jury. A seismic shift befell American politics after the September 11 attacks, and 19 years later, Muslim Americans are still dealing with the aftershocks. Most people are familiar with the so-called war on terror\u2019s targeting of Muslims as well as anti-Muslim discrimination in the public sphere in the United States. But few know of Muslims\u2019 difficulty in attaining justice in American courts in either of these cases. In post-9\/11 America, thus, Muslim plaintiffs face a nearly insurmountable battle to try their case before a jury of their peers. As part of an ongoing study by the Rutgers Center for Security, Race and Rights,\u00a0we reviewed 175 Muslim civil rights cases filed across the US since 2001 and found that only 17 percent of claims made it to trial, with most cases dismissed by judges in …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7214,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[218,196,373,404,298],"class_list":["post-7213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-share-en","tag-america","tag-islamophobia","tag-report","tag-trump","tag-usa"],"yoast_head":"\nNo justice for post-9\/11 discrimination - Twist Islamophobia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/twistislamophobia.org\/en\/2020\/11\/04\/no-justice-for-post-9-11-discrimination\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"No justice for post-9\/11 discrimination - Twist Islamophobia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In this article, Braxton Haake, Law Fellow for the Rutgers Center for Security, Race and Rights, and Sahar Aziz, professor of law at Rutgers Law School, reflect on some of the main results found at recent Rutgers Center\u2019s study on justice proceedings towards Muslims in the USA since 2001. The study shows the difficulties faced by the country\u2019s Muslim population to battle its cases before a jury. A seismic shift befell American politics after the September 11 attacks, and 19 years later, Muslim Americans are still dealing with the aftershocks. Most people are familiar with the so-called war on terror\u2019s targeting of Muslims as well as anti-Muslim discrimination in the public sphere in the United States. But few know of Muslims\u2019 difficulty in attaining justice in American courts in either of these cases. In post-9\/11 America, thus, Muslim plaintiffs face a nearly insurmountable battle to try their case before a jury of their peers. 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