{"id":5143,"date":"2018-05-09T12:54:39","date_gmt":"2018-05-09T10:54:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/twistislamophobia.org\/en\/?p=5143"},"modified":"2018-05-10T19:16:36","modified_gmt":"2018-05-10T17:16:36","slug":"the-lies-of-islamophobia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/twistislamophobia.org\/en\/2018\/05\/09\/the-lies-of-islamophobia\/","title":{"rendered":"The Lies of Islamophobia"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article is an excerpt of John Feffer\u2019s essay \u201cThe Lies of Islamophobia\u201d. In spite of the time that has passed since its publication in Foreign Policy in Focus<\/a><\/em> (the article dates back to 2011!), the same tendencies and discourses can be identified within the still rising Islamophobia. Unfortunately, as the author describes, this has also contributed to shape the late foreign policy of the United States. At the center of this argumentation, there is a simplifying discourse that goes back to the times of the crusades and that portrays Muslims as a homogeneous block participating in a millennial plan to conquer the world.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Muslims were bloodthirsty and treacherous. They conducted a sneak attack against the French army and slaughtered every single soldier, 20,000 in all. More than 1,000 years ago, in the mountain passes of Spain, the Muslim horde cut down the finest soldiers in Charlemagne\u2019s command, including his brave nephew Roland. Then, according to the famous poem that immortalized the tragedy, Charlemagne exacted his revenge by routing the entire Muslim army.<\/p>\n

\"Lies_Islamophobia_2\"<\/a>The\u00a0Song of Roland<\/em>, an eleventh century rendering in verse of an eighth century battle, is a staple of Western Civilization classes at colleges around the country. A \u201cmasterpiece of epic drama,\u201d in the words of its renowned translator Dorothy Sayers, it provides a handy preface for students before they delve into readings on the Crusades that began in 1095. More ominously, the poem has schooled generations of Judeo-Christians to view Muslims as perfidious enemies who once threatened the very foundations of Western civilization.<\/p>\n

The problem, however, is that the whole epic is built on a curious falsehood. The army that fell upon Roland and his Frankish soldiers was not Muslim at all. In the real battle of 778, the slayers of the Franks were Christian Basques furious at Charlemagne for pillaging their city of Pamplona. Not epic at all, the battle emerged from a parochial dispute in the complex wars of medieval Spain. Only later, as kings and popes and knights prepared to do battle in the First Crusade, did an anonymous bard repurpose the text to serve the needs of an emerging cross-against-crescent holy war.<\/p>\n

Similarly, we think of the Crusades as the archetypal \u201cclash of civilizations\u201d between the followers of Jesus and the followers of Mohammed. In the popular version of those Crusades, the Muslim adversary has, in fact, replaced a remarkable range of peoples the Crusaders dealt with as enemies, including Jews killed in pogroms on the way to the Holy Land, rival Catholics slaughtered in the Balkans and in Constantinople, and Christian heretics hunted down in southern France. [\u2026]\n

The Crusades Continue<\/strong><\/h3>\n

With their irrational fear of spiders, arachnophobes are scared of both harmless daddy longlegs and poisonous brown recluse spiders. In extreme cases, an arachnophobe can break out in a sweat while merely looking at photos of spiders. It is, of course, reasonable to steer clear of black widows. What makes a legitimate fear into an irrational phobia, however, is the tendency to lump all of any group, spiders or humans, into one lethal category and then to exaggerate how threatening they are. Spider bites, after all, are responsible for at most a handful of deaths a year in the United States.<\/p>\n

Islamophobia is, similarly, an irrational fear of Islam. Yes, certain Muslim fundamentalists have been responsible for terrorist attacks, certain fantasists about a \u201cglobal caliphate\u201d continue to plot attacks on perceived enemies, and certain groups like Afghanistan\u2019s Taliban and Somalia\u2019s al-Shabaab practice medieval versions of the religion. But Islamophobes confuse these small parts with the whole and then see terrorist\u00a0jihad<\/em>\u00a0under every Islamic pillow. They break out in a sweat at the mere picture of an\u00a0imam<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"Lies_Islamophobia_5\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Irrational fears are often rooted in our dimly remembered childhoods. Our irrational fear of Islam similarly seems to stem from events that happened in the early days of Christendom. Three myths inherited from the era of the Crusades constitute the core of Islamophobia today: Muslims are inherently violent, Muslims want to take over the world, and Muslims can\u2019t be trusted.<\/p>\n

The myth of Islam as a \u201creligion of the sword\u201d was a staple of Crusader literature and art. In fact, the atrocities committed by Muslim leaders and armies \u2014 and there were some \u2014 rarely rivaled the slaughters of the Crusaders, who retook Jerusalem in 1099 in a veritable bloodbath. \u201cThe heaps of the dead presented an immediate problem for the conquerors,\u201d\u00a0writes<\/a>\u00a0Christopher Tyerman in\u00a0God\u2019s War<\/a><\/em>. \u201cMany of the surviving Muslim population were forced to clear the streets and carry the bodies outside the walls to be burnt in great pyres, whereat they themselves were massacred.\u201d Jerusalem\u2019s Jews suffered a similar fate when the Crusaders burned many of them alive in their main synagogue. Four hundred years earlier, by contrast, Caliph \u2018Umar put no one to the sword when he took over Jerusalem, signing a pact with the Christian patriarch Sophronius that pledged \u201cno compulsion in religion.\u201d<\/p>\n

Irrational fears are often rooted in our dimly remembered childhoods. Our irrational fear of Islam similarly seems to stem from events that happened in the early days of Christendom.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

This myth of the inherently violent Muslim endures. Islam \u201cteaches violence,\u201d televangelist Pat Robertson\u00a0proclaimed<\/a>\u00a0in 2005. \u201cThe Koran teaches violence and most Muslims, including so-called moderate Muslims, openly believe in violence,\u201d was the way Major General Jerry Curry (U.S. Army, ret.), who served in the Carter, Reagan, and Bush Sr. administrations,\u00a0put it<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The Crusaders justified their violence by arguing that Muslims were bent on taking over the world. In its early days, the expanding Islamic empire did indeed imagine an ever-growing\u00a0dar-es-Islam<\/em>\u00a0(House of Islam). By the time of the Crusades, however, this initial burst of enthusiasm for holy war had long been spent. Moreover, the Christian West harbored its own set of desires when it came to extending the Pope\u2019s authority to every corner of the globe. Even that early believer in soft power, Francis of Assisi, sat down with Sultan al-Kamil during the Fifth Crusade with the aim of eliminating Islam through conversion.<\/p>\n

\"Lies_Islamophobia_4\"<\/a>Today, Islamophobes portray the building of Cordoba House in lower Manhattan as just another gambit in this millennial power grab: \u201cThis is Islamic domination and expansionism,\u201d\u00a0writes<\/a>\u00a0right-wing blogger Pamela Geller, who made the \u201cGround Zero Mosque\u201d into a media obsession. \u201cIslam is a religion with a very political agenda,\u201d\u00a0warns<\/a>\u00a0ex-Muslim Ali Sina. \u201cThe ultimate goal of Islam is to rule the world.\u201d<\/p>\n

These two myths \u2014 of inherent violence and global ambitions \u2014 led to the firm conviction that Muslims were by nature untrustworthy. Robert of Ketton, a twelfth century translator of the Koran, was typical in badmouthing the prophet Mohammad this way: \u201cLike the liar you are, you everywhere contradict yourself.\u201d The suspicion of untrustworthiness fell as well on any Christian who took up the possibility of coexistence with Islam. Pope Gregory, for instance, believed that the thirteenth century Crusader Frederick II was the Anti-Christ himself because he developed close relationships with Muslims.<\/p>\n

These two myths \u2014 of inherent violence and global ambitions \u2014 led to the firm conviction that Muslims were by nature untrustworthy.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

For Islamophobes today, Muslims abroad are similarly terrorists-in-waiting. As for Muslims at home, \u201cAmerican Muslims must face their either\/or,\u201d\u00a0writes<\/a>\u00a0the novelist Edward Cline, \u201cto repudiate Islam or remain a quiet, sanctioning fifth column.\u201d Even American Muslims in high places, like Congressman Keith Ellison (D-MN), are not above suspicion.\u00a0<\/strong>In a\u00a02006 CNN interview<\/a>, Glenn Beck said,<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cI have been nervous about this interview with you, because what I feel like saying is, \u2018Sir, prove to me that you are not working with our enemies.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Lies_Islamophobia_3\"<\/a><\/p>\n

These three myths of Islamophobia flourish in our era, just as they did almost a millennium ago, because of a cunning conflation of a certain type of Islamic fundamentalism with Islam itself. Bill O\u2019Reilly was neatly channeling this Crusader mindset when he\u00a0asserted<\/a>\u00a0recently that \u201cthe Muslim threat to the world is not isolated. It\u2019s huge!\u201d When Deputy Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence William Boykin, in an infamous 2003 sermon,\u00a0thundered<\/a>\u00a0\u201cWhat I\u2019m here to do today is to recruit you to be warriors of God\u2019s kingdom,\u201d he was issuing the Crusader call to arms.<\/p>\n

But O\u2019Reilly and Boykin, who represent the violence, duplicity, and expansionist mind-set of today\u2019s Western crusaders, were also invoking a more recent tradition, closer in time and far more familiar.<\/p>\n

You can read the full essay in Foreign Policy in Focus<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This article is an excerpt of John Feffer\u2019s essay \u201cThe Lies of Islamophobia\u201d. In spite of the time that has passed since its publication in Foreign Policy in Focus (the article dates back to 2011!), the same tendencies and discourses can be identified within the still rising Islamophobia. Unfortunately, as the author describes, this has also contributed to shape the late foreign policy of the United States. At the center of this argumentation, there is a simplifying discourse that goes back to the times of the crusades and that portrays Muslims as a homogeneous block participating in a millennial plan to conquer the world. The Muslims were bloodthirsty and treacherous. They conducted a sneak attack against the French army and slaughtered every single soldier, 20,000 in all. More than 1,000 years ago, in the mountain passes of Spain, the Muslim horde cut down the finest soldiers in Charlemagne\u2019s command, including his brave nephew Roland. Then, according to the famous poem that immortalized the tragedy, Charlemagne exacted his revenge by routing the entire Muslim army. The\u00a0Song of Roland, an eleventh century rendering in verse of an eighth century battle, is a staple of Western Civilization classes at colleges around the country. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5144,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[155,228,196,298],"class_list":["post-5143","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teach-en","tag-history","tag-islam","tag-islamophobia","tag-usa"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Lies of Islamophobia - Twist Islamophobia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/twistislamophobia.org\/en\/2018\/05\/09\/the-lies-of-islamophobia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Lies of Islamophobia - Twist Islamophobia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This article is an excerpt of John Feffer\u2019s essay \u201cThe Lies of Islamophobia\u201d. In spite of the time that has passed since its publication in Foreign Policy in Focus (the article dates back to 2011!), the same tendencies and discourses can be identified within the still rising Islamophobia. Unfortunately, as the author describes, this has also contributed to shape the late foreign policy of the United States. At the center of this argumentation, there is a simplifying discourse that goes back to the times of the crusades and that portrays Muslims as a homogeneous block participating in a millennial plan to conquer the world. The Muslims were bloodthirsty and treacherous. They conducted a sneak attack against the French army and slaughtered every single soldier, 20,000 in all. More than 1,000 years ago, in the mountain passes of Spain, the Muslim horde cut down the finest soldiers in Charlemagne\u2019s command, including his brave nephew Roland. Then, according to the famous poem that immortalized the tragedy, Charlemagne exacted his revenge by routing the entire Muslim army. The\u00a0Song of Roland, an eleventh century rendering in verse of an eighth century battle, is a staple of Western Civilization classes at colleges around the country. ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/twistislamophobia.org\/en\/2018\/05\/09\/the-lies-of-islamophobia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Twist Islamophobia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"Fundaciondeculturaislamica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-05-09T10:54:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-05-10T17:16:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/twistislamophobia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Lies_Islamophobia_1-e1525862936845.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"449\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fundaci\u00f3n de Cultura Isl\u00e1mica\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fundaci\u00f3n de Cultura Isl\u00e1mica\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/twistislamophobia.org\\\/en\\\/2018\\\/05\\\/09\\\/the-lies-of-islamophobia\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/twistislamophobia.org\\\/en\\\/2018\\\/05\\\/09\\\/the-lies-of-islamophobia\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fundaci\u00f3n de Cultura Isl\u00e1mica\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/twistislamophobia.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ad747f2d69cf56db855e7341a1478d0d\"},\"headline\":\"The Lies of Islamophobia\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-05-09T10:54:39+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-05-10T17:16:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/twistislamophobia.org\\\/en\\\/2018\\\/05\\\/09\\\/the-lies-of-islamophobia\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1417,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/twistislamophobia.org\\\/en\\\/2018\\\/05\\\/09\\\/the-lies-of-islamophobia\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/twistislamophobia.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/05\\\/Lies_Islamophobia_1-e1525862936845.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"history\",\"Islam\",\"islamophobia\",\"USA\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Teach\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/twistislamophobia.org\\\/en\\\/2018\\\/05\\\/09\\\/the-lies-of-islamophobia\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/twistislamophobia.org\\\/en\\\/2018\\\/05\\\/09\\\/the-lies-of-islamophobia\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/twistislamophobia.org\\\/en\\\/2018\\\/05\\\/09\\\/the-lies-of-islamophobia\\\/\",\"name\":\"The Lies of Islamophobia - 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Then, according to the famous poem that immortalized the tragedy, Charlemagne exacted his revenge by routing the entire Muslim army. 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