{"id":1973,"date":"2016-04-25T09:13:06","date_gmt":"2016-04-25T09:13:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/twistislamophobia.org\/en\/?p=1973"},"modified":"2017-03-13T12:40:24","modified_gmt":"2017-03-13T12:40:24","slug":"islamophobia-in-spain-2015-national-report","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/twistislamophobia.org\/en\/2016\/04\/25\/islamophobia-in-spain-2015-national-report\/","title":{"rendered":"Islamophobia in Spain. 2015 National Report"},"content":{"rendered":"

With this entry we begin the series \u201cIslamophobia in Spain. 2015 National Report\u201d, in which we will analyze the state of Islamophobia in this country.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Relying on the report we just published at the Islamic Culture Foundation<\/a> as part of the book \u201cEuropean Islamophobia Report 2015\u201d, organized by the Turkish research center Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research<\/a>, in this series we intend to analyze the different aspects that make up the Spanish reality and the position Muslims occupy within it. In order to do so, we will study how Islamophobia reflects on the education system, the political arena, the media, the legal system, or the Spanish government\u2019s answer to the refugee crisis, among others. This series will allow us to understand the pillars on which Islamophobia base in Spain, the ways it reflects upon and the measures with which it can be fought.<\/p>\n

What is Islamophobia?<\/h3>\n

\"islamofobia<\/a>On January 8, 2015, one day after the Charlie Hebdo attacks, President Rajoy declared that he didn\u2019t believe Islamophobia could become a problem in Spain<\/a>; however, by December 2015, and still pending on the elaboration of the 2015 annual report, Amparo S\u00e1nchez Rosell, president of the Citizen Platform against Islamophobia (Plataforma Ciudadana contra la Islamofobia), recognizes that approximately 200 complaints have been carried out reporting Islamophobia attacks this year, in comparison to the 49 complaints registered in 2014.<\/p>\n

We are going to work with two definitions of Islamophobia. According to the first one:<\/p>\n

When talking about Islamophobia, we mean anti-Muslim racism. Islamophobia is about a dominant group of people aiming at seizing, stabilizing and widening their power by means of defining a scapegoat \u2013 real or invented \u2013 and excluding this scapegoat from the resources\/rights\/definition of a constructed \u2018we\u2019. Islamophobia operates by constructing a static \u2018Muslim\u2019 identity, which is attributed in negative terms and generalized for all Muslims.<\/p>\n

Islamophobia in Spain<\/h3>\n

\"islamofobia<\/a>Besides the working definition provided for Islamophobia, it is necessary to introduce a wider definition that includes the Spanish historical and social specifities, especially regarding its eight centuries of Muslim sovereignty, the \u201cReconquista<\/a>\u201d, and Spain\u2019s colonial presence in Morocco, between 1912 and 1956 (with some Moroccan territories being decolonized later on). In order to do so, we are going to rely on the definition offered by Fernando Bravo, one of the leading Spanish experts on Islamophobia today, who defines this concept, not as rejection of the Islamic religion, but as a form of discrimination based on ethno\u2011cultural characteristics (Bravo, 2010: 194). Likewise, Luz G\u00f3mez understands Islamophobia as a product of the Western secularist thought, where Islamophobia appears as a result of the Western worries for the occupation of the public sphere by Islam (G\u00f3mez, in Bravo, 2010: 195), “this results in a hostile attitude towards Muslims in general based in the idea of Islam posing a threat to \u2018our\u2019 welfare, and even to \u2018our\u2019 survival\u201d (Bravo, 2010: 193).<\/p>\n

In addition to this, we have to take into account certain singularities that originate in the so\u2011called \u201cReconquista\u201d, which generated an intellectual current whose aim was to legitimate the existence of a negative image of the Muslim people, and that has led to the believe in a constant state of confrontation against the Muslim civilization throughout the Spanish history, that took shape in the Reconquista, the battles against the Ottoman Empire in the Mediterranean, the expulsion of the Moriscoes<\/a> in 1609, the Hispano\u2011Moroccan War (1859-1860)<\/a>\u2026 (Mart\u00edn Corrales, 2004: 40). As Mart\u00edn Corrales points out, in the recent years this negative image has soften in its form, but not in its content, thus taking the more subtle shape of warnings of the dangers of crossing the Mediterranean by dinghy, of the hard living conditions immigrants have to stand in the country, or the racist attacks they might be subject to (Mart\u00edn Corrales, 2004: 47).<\/p>\n

\"The<\/a>

The M-30 mosque in Madrid, attacked by extreme right-wing groups on March 22, 2016.<\/p><\/div>\n

Islamophobia is, to sum up, understood as a form of discrimination according to which the population see both Islam and the Muslim population as a distant, inferior culture, which has, nonetheless, the chance of evolving and adapting to \u201cour\u201d own norms and values, while rejecting the possibility of introducing their own cultural features (Desrues, 2008: 24).<\/p>\n

Bibliography<\/p>\n

Eloy Mart\u00edn Corrales, \u201cMaurofobia\/islamofobia y maurofilia\/islamofilia en la Espa\u00f1a del siglo XXI\u201d, Revista CIDOB d\u2019affers internacionals<\/em>, 66-67 (2004): 39-51.<\/p>\n

Fernando Bravo L\u00f3pez, \u201c\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la islamofobia?\u201d, Documentaci\u00f3n social<\/em>, 159 (2010=: 189-207, accessed December 15, 2015, https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/teimproject\/-quienes-somos\/fernandobravo\/trabajos-de-fernando-bravo-lopez\/queeslaislamofobia<\/a><\/p>\n

Thierry Desrues and Manuel P\u00e9rez Yruela, \u201cPercepciones y actitudes hacia el Islam y los musulmanes en Espa\u00f1a, avance de resultados (versi\u00f3n preliminar)\u201d, Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados<\/em> (2008), accessed December 18, 2015, http:\/\/ikuspegi-inmigracion.net\/documentos\/investigacion\/es\/percep_acti_islam_avancemarzo2008.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

With this entry we begin the series \u201cIslamophobia in Spain. 2015 National Report\u201d, in which we will analyze the state of Islamophobia in this country. Relying on the report we just published at the Islamic Culture Foundation as part of the book \u201cEuropean Islamophobia Report 2015\u201d, organized by the Turkish research center Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research, in this series we intend to analyze the different aspects that make up the Spanish reality and the position Muslims occupy within it. In order to do so, we will study how Islamophobia reflects on the education system, the political arena, the media, the legal system, or the Spanish government\u2019s answer to the refugee crisis, among others. This series will allow us to understand the pillars on which Islamophobia base in Spain, the ways it reflects upon and the measures with which it can be fought. What is Islamophobia? On January 8, 2015, one day after the Charlie Hebdo attacks, President Rajoy declared that he didn\u2019t believe Islamophobia could become a problem in Spain; however, by December 2015, and still pending on the elaboration of the 2015 annual report, Amparo S\u00e1nchez Rosell, president of the Citizen Platform against Islamophobia (Plataforma Ciudadana …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":161,"featured_media":1981,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[196,360],"class_list":["post-1973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teach-en","tag-islamophobia","tag-islamophobia-spanish-report"],"yoast_head":"\nIslamophobia in Spain. 2015 National Report - Twist Islamophobia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/twistislamophobia.org\/en\/2016\/04\/25\/islamophobia-in-spain-2015-national-report\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Islamophobia in Spain. 2015 National Report - Twist Islamophobia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"With this entry we begin the series \u201cIslamophobia in Spain. 2015 National Report\u201d, in which we will analyze the state of Islamophobia in this country. Relying on the report we just published at the Islamic Culture Foundation as part of the book \u201cEuropean Islamophobia Report 2015\u201d, organized by the Turkish research center Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research, in this series we intend to analyze the different aspects that make up the Spanish reality and the position Muslims occupy within it. In order to do so, we will study how Islamophobia reflects on the education system, the political arena, the media, the legal system, or the Spanish government\u2019s answer to the refugee crisis, among others. This series will allow us to understand the pillars on which Islamophobia base in Spain, the ways it reflects upon and the measures with which it can be fought. What is Islamophobia? 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