{"version":"1.0","provider_name":"Twist Islamophobia","provider_url":"https:\/\/twistislamophobia.org\/en","author_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n de Cultura Isl\u00e1mica","author_url":"https:\/\/twistislamophobia.org\/en\/author\/funci\/","title":"Reflections on French Colonialism in the Maghreb - Twist Islamophobia","type":"rich","width":600,"height":338,"html":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"6wE6d3micU\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twistislamophobia.org\/en\/2023\/07\/12\/reflections-on-french-colonialism-in-the-maghreb\/\">Reflections on French Colonialism in the Maghreb<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/twistislamophobia.org\/en\/2023\/07\/12\/reflections-on-french-colonialism-in-the-maghreb\/embed\/#?secret=6wE6d3micU\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" title=\"&#8220;Reflections on French Colonialism in the Maghreb&#8221; &#8212; Twist Islamophobia\" data-secret=\"6wE6d3micU\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n\/*! This file is auto-generated *\/\n!function(d,l){\"use strict\";l.querySelector&&d.addEventListener&&\"undefined\"!=typeof URL&&(d.wp=d.wp||{},d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage||(d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if((t||t.secret||t.message||t.value)&&!\/[^a-zA-Z0-9]\/.test(t.secret)){for(var s,r,n,a=l.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),o=l.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),c=new RegExp(\"^https?:$\",\"i\"),i=0;i<o.length;i++)o[i].style.display=\"none\";for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)s=a[i],e.source===s.contentWindow&&(s.removeAttribute(\"style\"),\"height\"===t.message?(1e3<(r=parseInt(t.value,10))?r=1e3:~~r<200&&(r=200),s.height=r):\"link\"===t.message&&(r=new URL(s.getAttribute(\"src\")),n=new URL(t.value),c.test(n.protocol))&&n.host===r.host&&l.activeElement===s&&(d.top.location.href=t.value))}},d.addEventListener(\"message\",d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),l.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){for(var e,t,s=l.querySelectorAll(\"iframe.wp-embedded-content\"),r=0;r<s.length;r++)(t=(e=s[r]).getAttribute(\"data-secret\"))||(t=Math.random().toString(36).substring(2,12),e.src+=\"#?secret=\"+t,e.setAttribute(\"data-secret\",t)),e.contentWindow.postMessage({message:\"ready\",secret:t},\"*\")},!1)))}(window,document);\n\/\/# sourceURL=https:\/\/twistislamophobia.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-embed.min.js\n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n","thumbnail_url":"https:\/\/twistislamophobia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Ataque-Duperre-Algeria-1.jpg","thumbnail_width":900,"thumbnail_height":591,"description":"Dr. Mohammed Chtatou* In the European race to divide the land of the world amongst themselves during the colonial era, Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria were each separately colonized by the French. As a matter of fact, French colonialism manifested differently within each country, particularly in Algeria, where the colonial impact was much more dramatic than in either Morocco or Tunisia. However, each country was greatly affected by French influence and control during the period of colonization, as well as, following liberation. Analyzing each country\u2019s unique colonial history demonstrates not only the effects of colonialism as a whole, but, also, the difference, in effect, created by different levels of colonial involvement and control. The painful colonization of Algeria The French colonized Algeria first, in 1830, and remained within Algeria until 1962. The colonization was supposedly initiated by the Ottoman ruler, at the time, slaping a French diplomat, but was, actually, largely caused by the failure of the French to pay their debts to Ottoman Algeria. The French invasion was met with hostility, but the French were able to defeat the Ottomans, Approximately, one third of the Algerian population died as a result of colonization, whether from direct warfare, disease, or starvation. ..."}